There is a lot of things property
owners can do in and round to prevent and get rid of pests before they can use
chemicals. Eliminate conditions conducive to pest infestations would be the
first step in controlling a pest. Although it might seem very easy to spray
some thing down to get rid of a pests. Introducing chemicals to the environment
will have a greater impact in the long run.
The goal of pesticide use is to apply
products that will remain in the target area long enough to control the
specific pests and then degrade into harmless compounds in the soil, air or
water without contaminating the environment. Once applied, many pesticides are
mobile in the environment. This movement can be beneficial if the pesticide is
carried to a specific target area, like Bed bugs in a mattress, or if it helps
to ensure that degradation occurs at the proper time and place.
When
homeowners first notice pests in or around their property, the tendency is to
just react to the problem and apply a quick fix. However, it’s important to
take a proactive stance when it comes to pest control. Identifying and fixing
the underlying causes of pest problems greatly diminishes future pest trouble.
It’s
important to look around the property for conducive conditions. Conducive
conditions are existing situations that may either cause or indirectly lead to
pest infestations.The majority of these pests bring danger to your home and
family. Investing in Pest control will watch over investments, carpenter ants can cause huge
expenses in home and deck damage if not treated. Rats and mice may carry
diesases such as Hantavirus especially the droppings they leave every on
heating ducts. Bed bugs bites will cause a sleepless night. Cockroaches can
give you dysentery and typhoid,Walking in a cobwebs in the morning from spiders
in no fun and the list goes on.Commercial customers simply have too much at
stake to risk destroying their reputations and brand equities by relying on
generic pest-control products. For example, in some industries such as food
& beverage processing and food retail & hospitality, pests could
potentially increase the risk of food poisoning.
MOVEMENT
OF PESTICIDES IN THE EVIRONMENT
The
widespread use and disposal of pesticides by farmers, institutions and the
general public provide many possible sources of pesticides in the environment.
Following release into the environment, pesticides may have many different
fates. Pesticides which are sprayed can move through the air and may eventually
end up in other parts of the environment, such as in soil or water. Pesticides
which are applied directly to the soil may be washed off the soil into nearby
bodies of surface water or may percolate through the soil to lower soil layers
and groundwater. The application of pesticides directly to bodies of water for
weed control, or indirectly as a result of leaching from boat paint, runoff
from soil or other routes, may lead not only to build up of pesticides in
water, but also may contribute to air levels through evaporation.
This
incomplete list of possibilities suggests that the movement of pesticides in
the environment is very complex with transfers occurring continually among
different environmental compartments. In some cases, these exchanges occur not
only between areas that are close together such as a local pond receiving some
of the herbicide application on adjacent land but also may involve
transportation of pesticides over long distances. The worldwide distribution of
DDT and the presence of pesticides in bodies of water such as the Great Lakes
far from their primary use areas are good examples of the vast potential of
such movement.
PESTICIDES
AND HUMAN HEALTH
Pesticide
chemicals in their unformulated state are not usually suitable for pest
control. These concentrated chemicals are active ingredients may not mix well
with water, may be chemically unstable, and may be difficult to handle and
transport. For these reasons, manufacturers add inert substances, such as clays
and solvents, to improve application effectiveness, safety, handling, and
storage. Inert ingredients do not possess pesticidal activity and are added to
serve as a carrier for the active ingredient. Manufacturers will list the percentage
of inert ingredients in the formulation or designate them as “other
ingredients” on their labels. There are several inert substances, such as
petroleum distillates and xylene, which will have a specific statement
identifying their presence in the formulation.
Pesticides
are frequently found in surface and ground water. That statement, although
true, does not by itself give a complete picture of the situation. After
decades of testing water for the presence of pesticides, very few samples
have been found to contain enough pesticide to be a human health
concern. Rarely are concentrations found that could affect small
aquatic organisms or animals that feed on fish. The National
Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) has published a report of
pesticides in streams and ground water
Pesticide strength
of the bonds depends on the interaction of the pesticide’s chemical properties,
its concentration in the soil water, the soil pH and the composition of the
soil . If bound to the soil, the pesticide is unlikely to leach or
runoff. Some highly soluble pesticides bind strongly with
soil. The more clay particles and organic matter that are in the soil, the
more the pesticide is held by the soil and becomes immobile. Strongly adsorbed
pesticide molecules do not leach or move unless the soil particles to which
they are adsorbed move with water. The longer the molecules of a
pesticide are held, the more likely it is that microbiological degradation will
occur, which reduces the risk of leaching and runoff.
When
Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring in 1962, she raised public awareness about
the effects of pesticide use on our health and our environment. However, almost
forty years after Carson drew attention to the health and environmental impacts
of DDT, use of equally hazardous pesticides has only increased. And all the
time there is more evidence surfacing that human exposure to pesticides is
linked to health problems. For example, in May 2010, scientists from the
University of Montreal and Harvard University released a study that found that
exposure to pesticide residues on vegetables and fruit may double a child’s
risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a condition that can
cause inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children.
Pesticides
are used in our schools, parks, and public lands. Pesticides are sprayed on
agricultural fields and wood lots. Pesticides can be found in our air, our
food, our soil, our water and even in our breast milk.Pesticides have been
linked to a wide range of human health hazards, ranging from short-term impacts
such as headaches and nausea to chronic impacts like cancer, reproductive harm,
and endocrine disruption.Acute dangers – such as nerve, skin, and eye
irritation and damage, headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and systemic
poisoning – can sometimes be dramatic, and even occasionally fatal.
THE
MISSCONCEPTIONS ABOUT PESTICIDES
Natural
substances can be used as pesticides, such as extracts of pyrethrum, garlic,
tea-tree oil and eucalyptus oil. When these natural chemicals are used as
pesticides they become subject to the same controls as pesticides produced
synthetically.
The
term pesticide covers a wide range of substances that are used for
the control of pest species.A common misunderstanding is that the Pesticides
Act 1999, which controls the use of pesticides in NSW, does not apply to the
use of herbicides. This misunderstanding arises because the term pesticide is
sometimes wrongly used to describe insecticides only. The legal definition of a
pesticide under the Pesticides Act does, in fact, cover herbicides,
insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides and many other types of substances.
Another
common misconception is that pesticides made from natural substances or ‘home
brews’ are intrinsically safer in all respects than synthetically produced or
commercial pesticides. Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) occurs naturally in a number
of European plants; however, it is a highly toxic substance that is
used to kill pest animals such as rabbits, feral pigs, wild dogs and foxes.
All substances whether they are synthetic or naturally derived involve some
degree of risk when they are used to control pests.
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